基于Sentinel-2的潮间红树林提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐芳  张英  翟亮  刘佳  谷祥辉 《测绘通报》2020,(2):49-54

位于潮间带的红树林可能在高潮时被海水淹没的特点，使得传统的植被提取方法在红树林信息提取方面存在局限性。本文在对比分析了出露的红树林、高潮水位淹没的红树林、海水水体的光谱特征后，提出了一种利用归一化潮间红树林指数（NIMI）提取潮间带红树林的方法。该指数是由植被强吸收的红波段，强反射的两个红边波段和近红外波段组成的归一化表达式。利用该指数对福建省龙海九龙江口湿地的红树林进行了分类提取，提取结果与高分二号影像目视验证和现场调查结果进行了对照。结果显示，该方法提取红树林的用户精度达到93.98%，并显著优于利用归一化水体指数（NDWI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）及随机森林的结果。  相似文献   

基于遥感水边线的潮滩面积提取方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张媛媛  高志强  刘向阳  许宁 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):56-61

潮滩作为动态变化的后备土地资源,对其研究具有重要意义。文章以江苏省如东县为研究区,使用环境资源卫星(HJ1A/1B)影像为数据源,应用面向对象技术创建分类规则,实现批量半自动提取水边线,随后利用DSAS软件处理水边线集获得潮位点集,基于最外边界法实现高(低)潮位点的提取,进而获得潮滩范围,估算的如东县潮滩面积为55 182hm~2。最后利用误差矩阵进行精度验证(Kappa系数为0.945)。结果表明:该方法对于潮滩面积提取具有适用性,无论在空间域还是时间域都具有一定的推广性。  相似文献   

礁坪上波浪传播的数值模拟     

何栋彬  房克照  孙家文  刘忠波 《海洋通报》2018,(2):129-138

本文基于具备间断捕捉能力的二阶全非线性Boussinesq数值模型,对规则波和随机波在礁坪地形上的传播变形进行了数值模拟。该模型采用高阶有限体积法和有限差分方法求解守恒格式的控制方程,将波浪破碎视为间断,同时采用静态重构技术处理了海岸动边界问题。重点针对礁坪上波浪传播过程中的波高空间分布和沿程衰减,礁坪上的平均水位变化,以及波浪能量频谱的移动和空间差异等典型水动力现象开展数值计算。将数值结果与实验结果对比,两者吻合情况良好,验证了模型具有良好的稳定性,具备模拟破碎波浪和海-岸动边界的能力,能较为准确地模拟波浪在礁坪地形上的传播过程中发生的各种水动力现象。  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):575-590

The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat –clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.  相似文献   

秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中微塑料和重金属污染特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈月琴  罗维  孙聪慧  吴光红 《海洋学报》2020,42(4):113-121

基于密度分离原理，利用饱和NaCl溶液对秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中的微塑料进行了浮选和分离提取，采用显微红外光谱方法分析附着在滤膜上的微塑料颗粒形貌和材质。结合扫描电子显微镜?能谱仪(Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometer，SEM-EDS)对微塑料样品进行微观形貌观察及微区成分的分析。并采用地累积指数(Geo Accumulation Indexes，I_geo)和富集系数(Enrichment Factors，EF)分析砂质沉积物中重金属Hg、Cd和Pb污染水平和富集特点。分析砂质沉积物中烧失量(Loss on Ignition，LOI)、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon，TOC)、总氮(Total Nitrogen，TN)以及碳氮的稳定同位素组成(δ13C和δ15N)，探讨有机质的可能来源。结果表明:秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中有纤维类、发泡类、薄膜类3种微塑料，以纤维类的微塑料为主。微塑料表层富集有Si、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等元素。沉积物中Hg和Cd富集水平较高，Pb富集水平较低。沉积物TOC和TN含量较低，LOI为TOC的1.6倍，δ13C、δ15N和TOC/TN的数值范围均显示有机质以海洋浮游植物藻类等海源为主。  相似文献   

不同形态海湾的水底平衡剖面研究     

苏文亮  邹志利  张庆民 《海洋学报》2020,42(5):128-138

研究海湾平衡剖面对理解海湾地貌演变具有重要意义。本文给出了收缩型、扩张型和矩形3种典型海湾平面形态对平衡剖面的影响。建立了海湾长度远小于潮汐波长的短尺度海湾的平衡剖面和对应的时均悬沙浓度的解析解。采用水深平均的水动力方程、泥沙输移方程和地形演变方程的耦合模型对以上3种类型海湾的平衡剖面进行了数值模拟，得到了这3种类型海湾的水面、流速、时均悬沙浓度和平衡剖面的计算结果，并利用水面数值结果确定了海湾水面解析解所含的一个待定常数。研究结果给出了3种不同海湾平面形态所对应的平衡剖面形态:矩形海湾对应斜坡型；收缩型海湾对应下凹型；扩张型海湾对应上凸型。所得海湾平衡剖面和时均悬沙浓度的解析解与数值解一致。  相似文献   

开敞式潮滩-潮沟系统发育演变动力机制——Ⅲ.海平面上升影响          下载免费PDF全文

龚政  严佳伟  耿亮  朱思谕  李欢  张长宽 《水科学进展》2018,29(1):109-117

为研究海平面上升对潮滩-潮沟系统的影响,以江苏中部粉砂淤泥质海岸为原型,建立变态物理模型,模拟研究在不同海平面潮汐过程作用下的潮沟发育和演变过程,分析了潮滩淹没历时、排水密度、潮沟断面形态等特征参数变化规律。研究表明:潮沟在发育初期伸长速率高于拓宽速率,最终趋于动态平衡;海平面上升后,潮滩淹没历时增加,露滩时间缩短,归槽水对潮沟底床的塑造作用减弱;平均归槽水流长度和Horton排水长度均随海平面上升呈现出减小趋势,潮沟的排水能力增强;潮沟断面宽深比服从对数正态分布,随着海平面上升,潮沟断面面积和宽深比均呈现出增大趋势,宽深比分布范围变广。  相似文献   

ATS藻板与自然礁石上藻群生物多样性的比较     

王欢欢  谭斯尹  王慧  杜虹  侯涛  陈贤建  黎俊珺  黄莹 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(1):43-48

ATS(algal turf scrubber)系统是一种利用潮间带藻类高效去除富营养化水体中氮(N)、磷(P)元素的水质净化系统, 藻类是支持整个系统最重要的组成部分, 其群落结构与水质净化效果密切相关。该研究基于Illumina MiSeq平台的高通量测序技术对海水水族缸的ATS系统中藻板样品和自然礁石上的藻类进行多样性分析。18S rDNA研究结果表明, ATS系统中经筛选得到藻类优化序列21390条, 其中对丝藻属Antithamnion占主要地位, 占序列总数的22.79%, 其次19.07%序列归入斜纹藻属Psammodictyon; 宋井、展南亭、后宅3个地区的藻类经筛选分别得到88435、87129、106458条优化序列, 主要为分枝色指藻属Chroodactylon、宽果藻属Mastocarpus和日本马泽藻属Mazzaella。ATS系统和自然环境样品共有的优势藻为骨条藻属Skeletonema和仙菜属Ceramium。本实验在研究ATS系统与自然礁石上的藻类群落相似性的同时, 深入探究了其群落结构的差异性, 为进一步优化ATS系统的功能提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Interaction mechanisms among waves,currents and a submerged plate     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Wave-induced loads on a submerged plate, representative of submerged breakwater, coastal-bridge deck and a certain type of wave energy converter, in a uniform current are investigated in this study using fully nonlinear numerical wave tanks (NWTs) based on potential flow theory. The coupling effect of wave and current is explored, and the underlying interaction mechanisms of the hydrodynamic forces are described. The presence of a background current modifies the frequency dispersion. It produces changes of the water-surface elevation, and also has an effect on wave-induced loads. Depending on the nonlinearity, higher harmonic wave components are generated above the submerged plate. These contribute to the wave forces. It is found that the horizontal and the vertical force, hence the moment, are affected in the opposite way by the currents. The Doppler shifted effect dominates the vertical force and the moment on the plate. Whereas, the Doppler shifted effect and the generation of higher wave harmonics play opposite roles on the horizontal forces. The contribution of 2^nd order harmonics is found to be up to 30% of the linear component. The current-induced drag force, represented by the advection term ρU∂φ/∂x in the pressure equation, is found to lead to a decrease in the moment for the most range of wavelengths considered, and an increase in the moment for a small range of longer waves.  相似文献   

Topographical Mapping of a Bare Tidal Flat Outside a Mangrove Area based on the Waterline Method and an Iterative Hydrodynamic Model: A Case Study of Yingluo Bay,South China     

Yali Qi  Xin Huang  Xiaoqiang Pu 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(3):263-285

A change in the elevation of bare tidal flats outside a mangrove area is an indispensable factor for the sustainable development of mangroves. Waterline extraction, as an effective and economical tool used in reconstructing the terrain of an intertidal zone, has been widely applied to open-coast tidal flats by constructing a digital elevation model (DEM). However, mangrove wetlands are usually located in wave-sheltered sites, such as estuaries and bays that have narrow tidal channels flanked by tidal flats. Changes in water level are affected by the dry-wet processes of complex landforms caused by tides. This article takes as a study case the area of Yingluo Bay, which covers the core region of the Zhanjiang and Shankou National Mangrove National Nature Reserve in southwestern China. Waterline extraction based on seventeen multisource and multispectral satellite images obtained from December 2014 to April 2015, combining the finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM) hydrodynamic model in an iterative process, was used to generate a topographical map of the bare tidal flat outside the mangrove area in Yingluo Bay. The quality of the iterative DEMs was evaluated via six transects of a ground-based survey using Real - time kinematic (RKT) GPS in May 2015. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the DEM decreased with an increase in the number of iterations. In this study, the DEM in the third iteration was used as the final output because the difference from the previous iterative DEM satisfied an inversion-stopping criterion. The MAE and RMSE of the final DEM with the measured data were 0.072 and 0.09?m, respectively, without considering small tidal creeks. The method used in this study can be an effective and highly precise approach for detecting and reconstructing the historical terrain of a bare tidal flat outside a mangrove area. This work also has great importance regarding intertidal resource management and the sustainable development of mangroves facing the vulnerable coastal ecological environment.  相似文献